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13. Culturally Historical Wandering around Slaný

Slaný – Dolín – Hobšovice –Velvary – Neuměřice – Kamenný Most – Zvoleněves – Podlešín – Knovíz – Slaný

The track begins at the Information Centre in the Masarykovo náměstí Square. From here, we will set off in the direction of the Slaný cemetery and the monastery with the Holy Trinity Church (we will pass the Velvarská gate from the turn of the 13th century); the Na Vinici Street will take us to the vine-growers´and the fishermen´s column, and we will turn left and continue uphill, or we will go straight to the cross, as both ways will take us to Dolín.

THE COLUMN OF THE VINE-MAKERS AND THE FISHERMEN FROM SLANÝ
It is a copy from the workshop of the academic sculptor Václav Nejtek. The column was originally placed by the wall of the cemetery in Ovčáry, near the St. Václav Chapel. Its model is exhibited in the Slaný Geographical Museum.

DOLÍN
The first written remarks about the village date back to 1325. The remark about the local Church of St. Simon and Juda with beautiful secession decorations is of the same date. The old cemetery by the church is the place where the blacksmith, the writer and the poet named Valerián Pejša was buried. Below the church, we will turn left, and we will get to Beřovice. On the way, we will pass an alcove chapel from the 1st half of the 19th century.

HOBŠOVICE
The village as such was first mentioned in 1228, when it was a property of the St. George Monastery at the Prague Castle. The vicarage church of St. Václav had its vicar as early as 1352. The original St. Václav Church had no tower, only a wooden belfry. When the belfry fell apart in 1850, a tower with three bells was built up on the west side of the church. The first bell had a Czech inscription on it, dated 1550, the second had a Latin inscription, dated 1423, and the third from 1663. St. Václav Church became a vicarage church again in 1856.

MALOVARY
The first written documents about the village date back to 1302. There is a preserved Church of All Saints from the original village of Malovary, some sources also call it the Mother of God Church. In 1787, Emperor Joseph II abolished the church, but it was consecrated again in 1792. Ferdinand Velc mentions the Church or the Chapel of All Saints as an ancient monument of Romanic style. The village became extinct, and it was annexed to Velvary around the end of the 17th century. The former Malovarská Gate in Velvary even began to be called Slánská Gate from the end of the 17th century on. It was pulled down in 1878.
A water fortress named Hrádek was probably built in the time of Přemysl Otakar II. The first written remarks date back to 1326, when a burgess named Hostík of Budyně was the owner. It was a property of the Berka family from Dubá until 1380. In 1513, in the time of Bohuslav Chrt of Rtín, the owners were relieved from fealty. In 1526, the village of Malovary was bought by the town of Velvary, and the Hrádek fortress was abandoned eas early as the 16th century. During the Thirty Years War, it became completely extinct. Its foundations were discovered during the Malovarský Lake dessication in the 18th century. A high portal in the wall by the road crossing to Nabdín and Neuměřice was probably a part of its remains.

VELVARY
The town of Velvary was established on an old provincial trail leading from Prague to Saxony. The first written remarks about Velvary date back to 1282 (1088 according to different authors), when it is mentioned in the Vyšehrad Canonry. The Majesty of King Vladislav II of Jagellon from the 4th April 1482 promoted the village of Velvary to a town with a right of fortification and gates, of a St. Simon and Juda fair, of collecting customs duties, and a right of a mileage. The Thirty Years War meant the greatest disaster for the town, as it was subject to a number of raids, both greater and smaller, plunderings, and indulgences, and it was completely burnt out on the 30th October 1693 by the Banner Swedes. St. Catherine Church is a Gothic monument at heart, with later Renaissance, Baroque and Gothic-revival adjustments. The first remarks speaking about it as a vicarage church date back to the first half of the 14th century. There are Baroque statues of St. Catherine and St. Joseph nearby the church, both made by a Velvary master A. Střevský. House No. 1 on the square, the townhall, has a late-Renaissance ground floor from the years 1618-1620, built by Santini Malvazione, an Italian builder; Baroque modifications are from the years 1723-24, realized by master Jan Wolf. It was rebuilt radically in the years 1793-97, supposedly according to a project of Ignác Palliardi. Marian Column on the square was created by sculptors from Litoměřice, František and Matěj Tollinger, and by a stonemason named Antonín Falke in 1716-1719. Along the column´s perimeter, there are statues of St. Václav, Prokop, Sebastian, and Florian, the statue of Virgin Mary Immaculate is at the top. There are monumental houses, such as the Feudal Pub, which was built by Prague Baroque builder Pavel Ignác Bayer in 1696-1698, or the Renaissance houses No. 8, the so called Bárta´s house, and No. 57 named Reduta, the house named "U zlaté hvězdy" (At the Golden Star) with an arbour, and a late-Baroque house No. 115. In the suburban district in the direction of Kralupy nad Vltavou, there is a late-Renaissance cemetery church of St. George, built in the years 1613-16 by Santini Malvazione, the builder.

NEUMĚŘICE
The oldest preserved remark about the village of Neuměřice dates back to 1158. Master Martin Bacháček Nauměřský of Nauměřice is the personality of the village, born in the so called Carda estate, No. 1 in 1539. He was an astronomer, a matematician, and a Chancellor of Prague University. To a great extent, he became the predecessor of J. A. Komenský. The local primary school was named after him, being consecrated and open for usage in September 1885. The village became the main coming-out centre of Labour Strikes between spring and autumn of 1919. The next major strike with a mass expansion happened in 1920. In 1929, the local football sports club was established. The chapel in the village is from 1800.

KAMENNÝ MOST
According to the Vyšehrad deed from 1088, Vratislav II gave three granges in Kamenný Most to the Vyšehrad Canonry. Also the family of the most renowned mayor in the town of Slaný, Bartoš Pták (Ptáček) of Kamenemost, came from this village. This mayor had his place among the sworn aldermen as early as 1444, and he remained there until 1487.

ZVOLENĚVES
The first written remarks about the village date back to 1318. The rulers dwelled in fortresses situated in place of the ruins of the present castle, on a hill behind the village. The fortress was first mentioned in 1401. In the second half of the 16th century, the local Gothic fortress was rebuilt in a Renaissance style, and a brewery was annexed to it. The original fortress was extended, and rebuilt to serve the purposes of offices and flats for the dominion officials, whereby a baroque castle came into being. A new castle was built in the beginning of the 19th century. St. Martin Church, Gothic originally, was first mentioned in 1352, and it was rebuilt in a baroque style around 1745. There are tombstones from the 16th and the 18th century walled up in the presbytery walls. A chapel with the tomb of the dominion owners was rebuilt in 1810 to serve the purposes of a grange. A profile of the chapel was preserved in the chapel´s west wall. A late-Baroque vicarage is from 1808. An extensive sugar mill complex came into being in the years 1858-59. In 1921 it burnt out, and a new state sugar mill was built on the site of the fire, the most up-to-date in its time. At the end of the 1990s, it was modernized again, quite expensively, but soon afterwards it discontinued its activities, as the last sugar mill around Slaný.

PODLEŠÍN
The village is situated in the Svatojiřský Stream valley. It was first mentioned as early as 1052, when a castle was here. In 1088, the three granges with vineyards belonged to the Vyšehrad church. There were coal mines in the surroundings, which are extinct already, the property of Prague Ironmongery Company, and an iron ore mine. The list of historical sights mentions a La Tene burial ground with findings of bronze bracelets and pins of the Duchcov type. At present, there is a monument protected by state in the area, the so called "Podlešínská jehla" (consisting of Ledce arconas of Upper Carbon). The railway bridge, which dominates the village, was pronounced a national cultural landmark. Monumental trees: small-leaf linden tree near the house No. 114, forest oak near the house No. 51.

KNOVÍZ
Pre-historic settlement of the territory of the existing village today is proved by a number of archaeological findings – from the younger Stone Age, past the late Stone Age, up to the barrow culture of the younger Bronze Age. The last then developed into a culture named "knovízská", thanks to the localities here, which later developed into the Bylany culture. Besides numerous findings of utility objects, and skeleton remains, both human and animal, also split human bones were discovered here, proving ritual cannibalism. The first written remarks about the village date back to 1088. In 1305, king Václav donated the village to the privileged royal town of Slaný. All Saints Church used to be a vicarage church even in the oldest times (1352). The church was Gothic originally, and it was extended in the 18th century by an annex vestry building. In 1846 it was rebuilt and it was repaired in the years 1993-4, and in 2005 for the last time.
Leaving Knovíz in the direction of Brandýsek, we can see interesting sand-stone rock formations on the left hand side, called "The Hus Pulpit".

The overall length of the track is 33 km. It is suitable for tourists, also on bicycles. The path includes roads of the 2nd and 3rd class.
Slaný – Dolín 3,5 km
Dolín – Hobšovice 4 km
Hobšovice – Nabdín 3,5 km
Nabdín – Velvary 3,5 km
Velvary – Neuměřice 5,5 km
Neuměřice – Kamenný Most 1 km
Kamenný Most – Zvoleněves 2,5 km
Zvoleněves – Podlešín 2 km
Podlešín – Knovíz 2,5 km
Knovíz – Slaný 5 km

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